教师招聘考试英语虚拟语气

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　　教师招聘考试英语虚拟语气

　　预测一：虚拟语气在 if 非真实条件句中的规则变化

　　非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。

	从句	主句
与现在事实相反	did/were	would (should/could/might) do
与过去事实相反	had done	would (should/could/might) have done
与将来事实相反	did/were; were to do; should do	would (should/could/might) do

　　预测二：if 非真实条件句的倒装

　　虚拟条件句的从句部分含有 were，should 或 had 时，可省略 if，再把 were，should 或 had

　　移到从句的句首进行倒装。例如：

　　Were they here now, they could help us. = If they were here now, they could help us.

　　他们现在要是在的话，就会帮助我们了。

　　Had you come earlier, you would have met him. =If you had come earlier, you would have met

　　him. 你来得早一点，就碰到他了。

　　Should it rain, the crops would be saved. =Were it to rain, the crops would be saved.

　　假如下雨，庄稼就有救了。

　　预测三：错综时间条件句的虚拟语气

　　有时，主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，主句从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不

　　同而不同，这种条件句叫做错综时间条件句。例如：

　　If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now. 如果你昨天问过他，今天就

　　知道做什么了。(从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。)

　　If it had rained last night, it would be very cold today. 如果昨晚下过雨，今天就会很冷了。

　　预测四：含蓄条件句的虚拟语气

　　有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是会出现 if 引导的条件句，而是通过其他手段

　　来代替条件句。其主要表现形式如下：

　　用 with, without, but for, otherwise, or, under 等代替条件状语从句。例如：Without water, there would be no life. 若是地球上无水，就无生命。

　　But for the meeting, I would have gone home at the time. 要不是开会，我早就回家了。

　　I was too busy at that time, otherwise, I would have called you. 我当时太忙，否则我就给你打电话了。

　　预测五：名词性从句中的虚拟语气

　　(1)It is demanded (requested/required/insisted/suggested/proposed...) /important (essential/

　　necessary/natural/imperative...) / a pity (a shame/no wonder...) + that... 等结构的主语从句，谓语动

　　词用 should 加动词原形，should 可省略。例如：

　　It is demanded that the president (should) make measures to end the economic recession.

　　人们要求总统应该采取措施阻止经济衰退。

　　It is necessary that he (should) go to see a doctor. 他应该去看医生，这是必要的。

　　It is a pity that he (should) fail to come to the party. 他没能参加这个聚会，真是遗憾。

　　(2)用于宾语从句中

　　在表示命令、建议、要求(如 demand, command, request, require, insist, suggest, propose,

　　order, recommend)等一类动词后面的从句中，谓语动词用 should 加动词原形，should 可省略。

　　例如：I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week. 我建议下周召开个会议。

　　He insisted that he (should) be sent there. 他要求被派到那儿去。

　　注意：若 suggest，insist 用于其本意 “ 暗示、表明 ”“ 坚持认为 ” 时，宾语从句用陈述语气。

　　例如：Your pale face suggests that you are ill./ I insisted that you were wrong.

　　(3) 在 demand/command/request/requirement/insistence/suggestion/advice/proposal/recom

　　mendation/idea/plan/order 等表示要求、建议和命令等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中的动

　　词要用虚拟语气，即(should)+ 动词原形。例如：

　　My idea is that we (should) get more people to attend the conference. 我的想法是让更多的人来参加会议。

　　预测六：虚拟语气的其他用法

　　(1)It is(high)time that 后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用 should 加动词原形，但

　　should 不可省略。例如：

　　It is time that the children went to bed. 孩子们该睡觉了。

　　It is high time that the children should go to bed.

　　(2)wish/ if only/ as if/ as though 后面的从句，用一般过去时表示与现在事实相反的愿望，

　　用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的愿望;用 could/would+ 动词原形表示将来不太可能实现的

　　愿望。例如：

　　I wish I were as tall as you. 我希望和你一样高。

　　He wished he hadn’t said that. 他希望他没讲过那样的话。

　　I wish it would rain tomorrow. 我希望明天下雨就好了。

　　(3)would rather 后接句子时，句子的谓语动词需用虚拟语气。表示主观愿望或选择，并

　　不一定与事实相反，意为 “ 宁愿 ”。用一般过去时 did/were 表示现在或者将来的愿望，过去完

　　成时 had done 表示过去的愿望。

　　I would rather you paid me now. 我宁愿你现在就付我钱。

　　I would rather you came next Saturday. 我宁愿你下个周六来。

　　I would rather you had not said it. 我宁愿你没说过这些话。

　　1. If she ______ make such a simple wish as not to be teased for disability last Christmas, Amy

　　would still feel lonely now.

　　A. had dared not

　　B. hadn’t dared to

　　C. dared not

　　D. didn’t dare to

　　2. —Thank you for reminding me of the time, or I ______ late for the flight yesterday.

　　—Don’t mention it.

　　A. will have been

　　B. would have been

　　C. must be

　　D. could be

　　3. It is high time that we ______ a meeting to discuss this problem.

　　A. hold

　　B. held

　　C. have held

　　D. had held

　　4. Due to the popularity of the restaurant, it is advisable that a table_______ for a get-together in

　　advance.

　　A. must be reserved

　　B. is reserved

　　C. be reserved

　　D. will be reserved

　　5. The steak in the restaurant was terrible. How I wish I ______ rice!

　　A. would order

　　B. ordered

　　C. order

　　D. had ordered

　　6. If you ______ my advice, you ______ how to solve the problem now.

　　A. had taken; would have known

　　B. had taken; would know

　　C. took; would have known

　　D. took; would know

　　7. It’s strange that he ______ have taken the books without the owner’s permission.

　　A. would

　　B. should

　　C. could

　　D. might

　　8. The weather turned out to be fine yesterday. I ______ the trouble to carry my umbrella with

　　me.

　　A. should have taken

　　B. could have taken

　　C. needn’t have taken

　　D. mustn’t have taken

　　9. ______ it rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.

　　A. Should

　　B. Would

　　C. Could

　　D. Must

　　10. Tom ______ full marks, but he was too careless ______ a spelling mistake.

　　A. could gain, to make

　　B. could have gained, to make

　　C. could have gained, and made

　　D. could have gained, as to make

　　11. If the traffic ______ so heavy, I could have been back by 6 o’clock.

　　A. hadn’t been

　　B. wasn’t

　　C. couldn’t be

　　D. hasn’t been

（编辑：阿正）